Biogas for Sustainability: Waste-to-Energy Conversion and Environmental Benefits

This study evaluates the Batman Solid Waste Management Project from the perspective of sustainable energy production and benefit-cost analysis. Utilizing the 2009-2010 Final Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Report, TÜİK (Turkish Statistical Institute) population projections, waste characterization-based market data, and environmental and socio-economic indicators, the project’s direct and indirect economic and environmental impacts are analyzed. Serving a population increasing from 387,230 in 2012 to 508,648 by 2030, the project aims to reduce environmental pollution, enhance recycling rates, and support socio-economic development. Economic benefits are projected at €1.5–9.7 million in the first operational year and €2.1–13.3 million by 2030. Biogas production rises from 6.29 million m³ in 2009 to 13.98 million m³ by 2030, with electricity generation increasing from 7.86 million kWh to 17.47 million kWh. Environmental benefits include a 221,855 ton CO₂e emission reduction by 2030, predominantly due to methane capture (94–95% contribution). However, the wide range of benefits reflects economic uncertainties, necessitating transparent calculations and sensitivity analyses. The project’s success depends on managing environmental risks, securing local community acceptance, and aligning with national energy policies. It holds significant potential to contribute to Turkey’s alignment with the EU (European Union) environmental acquis and renewable energy targets.