Understanding Policy Approaches to Urban Wetlands: Governance and Management Strategies in Two EU Metropolitan Areas - Helsinki and Vienna

Urban wetlands, though frequently underestimated, contribute to biodiversity in cities and enhance residents’ well-being. However, these ecosystems have faced significant threats and degradation over the past century due to urbanization and unsustainable land-use changes, leading to significant biodiversity loss and ecosystem services. This study examines a comparative analysis of urban wetland policies in Helsinki, Finland, and Vienna, Austria, with a focus on governance structures, planning frameworks, and the role of institutional actors and policymakers in wetland conservation. Building on previous research that identified policy neglect in Helsinki’s wetlands, this study examines the policy-making processes in both cities to identify barriers and opportunities for improving urban wetland management. Through expert interviews and policy documents, the study explores how governance dimensions shape wetlands in both cities. Based on the analysis, the research identifies similarities and differences in how both cities approach wetland protection. The findings emphasize the importance of cross-sectoral collaboration and long-term urban ecological planning. The study concludes with practical recommendations to support sustainable wetland protection in the face of urban development and climate change, offering solutions that may also be applicable to other urban contexts. Ultimately, this work aims to contribute to more resilient urban ecosystems and the long-term protection of wetland biodiversity and functionality.