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November 12, 2025Frontiers in PsychologyOpen Access

Understanding shame, guilt, embarrassment and pride: a systematic review of self-conscious emotions

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Authors

DSDiksha SinghBBBraj Bhushan

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Overview

Systematic review reveals variability in self-conscious emotions' physiological and neural correlates, suggesting cultural influences on their expression.

Key Points

  • To review empirical research on self-conscious emotions, identifying methodological gaps and issues.
  • Conducted a systematic review of peer-reviewed studies from 2000 to 2024 across multiple databases.
  • Focused on physiological, neurological, behavioral, and cross-cultural approaches to self-conscious emotions.
  • Adhered to PRISMA 2020 guidelines for study inclusion.
  • Identified variability in valence and arousal profiles of self-conscious emotions.
  • Highlighted specific physiological correlates in the medial prefrontal cortex and default mode network.
  • Noted limitations in experimental design affecting ecological validity and cross-cultural applicability.

Cite This Study

Singh et al. (2025) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/692523d9c0ce034ddc355854https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1678930
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Also Consider

Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context:

  1. 1The expression of self-conscious emotions and their motivational and communicative function in early development2026
  2. 2The unexpected importance of expectations in self-conscious emotions.2026
  3. 3The Conceptualization and Operationalization of Shame: An Exhaustive Review of Variables, Methodologies, and Theoretical Frameworks2026
  4. 4What role do negative self-conscious emotions play in UK medicine? A systematic review and qualitative synthesis of the evidence2026
  5. 5Conceptualization and Assessment of Shame Experience and Regulation: An Umbrella Review of Synthesis Studies2025 · 7 citations