Salmonella-induced Psoas Abscess in a Patient with Multiple Myeloma: A Case Report and Systematic Literature Review

Salmonella is a gram-negative enteric bacillus primarily responsible for gastrointestinal infections. Psoas abscess due to Salmonella is an exceptionally rare clinical entity. Here, we have presented the case of a 65-year-old woman with multiple myeloma who developed a Salmonella-induced psoas abscess. She was admitted to the emergency department with persistent nausea and vomiting for the past 1 month. Blood cultures grew Salmonella spp., and abdominal computed tomography (CT) revealed a 43-mm abscess in the right psoas muscle. On the 10th day of hospitalization, CT-guided percutaneous drainage was performed, and Salmonella spp. was isolated from the abscess culture. Despite administering 6 weeks of antibiotic therapy, the patient’s clinical course was fatal. We also reviewed 29 previously published cases of Salmonella-associated psoas abscesses, among which two (6.8%) had fatal outcomes. This case adds to the limited literature by highlighting a rare clinical presentation and providing a review of the clinical features, therapeutic strategies, and outcomes of Salmonella-related psoas abscesses.