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Creative thinking and academic performance across cultures: Multilevel analyses based on PISA 2022

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Multilevel analyses reveal a positive relationship between creative thinking and academic performance, highlighting cultural dimensions.

This research explores the link between creative thinking and academic performance, considering cultural influences.
Utilized data from PISA 2022 involving 376,130 adolescents
Conducted multilevel analyses across 48 countries/regions
Examined moderating effects of individualism–collectivism and flexibility–monumentalism on performance.
Demonstrated a significant positive relationship between creative thinking and academic performance globally
Found that the benefits of creative thinking in individualistic societies are stronger for reading, math, and science
In more flexible societies, the association between creative thinking and performance is stronger only in math.

Wei et al. (2025) studied this question.

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