Predicting PSA50 response to ¹⁷⁷Lu-PSMA therapy using machine learning and automated total tumor volume

The ¹⁷⁷Lu-PSMA therapy is an established treatment for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), targeting the prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA). Despite well-established correlations between ⁶⁸Ga-PSMA PET/CT imaging and outcome, predicting individual patient responses remains a significant challenge. This study introduces an automated method for computing the total tumor volume (TTV) from ⁶⁸Ga-PSMA PET/CT imaging and develops predictive models to assess patient biological response via the PSA50 criterion. A retrospective analysis was conducted on a real-world data cohort of 139 mCRPC patients treated in our institution. TTV was automatically extracted from PET/CT images and correlated with treatment response, defined by PSA50 criteria. Machine learning models, including Logictic Regression with L1 (LASSO) and Support Vector Machine (SVM), were developed to predict PSA50 response using imaging and clinical features. The best-performing models achieved F1-scores of 0.68 and 0.67, comparable to existing nomograms. Correlation analysis identified TTV-derived features and time since diagnosis as significant predictors of response. The proposed workflow offers an automated and reproducible approach to predicting treatment response in ¹⁷⁷Lu-PSMA therapy. Limitations remain for lesion segmentation within physiological regions.