Unconscious elevated bottom-up processing in depression: Insights from dynamic causal modeling with EEG and fMRI

Julia Schrader; Thilo Kellermann; Damin Kühn; Lennard Rompelberg; Michael T. Schaub; Lisa Wagels

doi:10.1016/j.jad.2025.120638

November 11, 2025Journal of Affective DisordersOpen Access

Unconscious elevated bottom-up processing in depression: Insights from dynamic causal modeling with EEG and fMRI

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Key Points

The research aims to explore the dynamics of bottom-up and top-down processing in depression using neuroimaging techniques.
Utilized EEG and fMRI to assess processing in major depressive disorder (MDD).
Investigated early (EEG) and late (fMRI) emotional processing through dynamic causal modeling.
Analyzed DLPFC connectivity with FFA in emotion regulation.
Observed that EEG captures early bottom-up processing while fMRI reflects both processing types.
Reduced DLPFC activity was linked to inhibited top-down emotion regulation in MDD.

Implication

This study demonstrates altered emotion regulation and connectivity in depression using EEG and fMRI analysis.

Abstract

This study demonstrates the distinct capabilities of EEG and fMRI data through showing that EEG captures early and fast processing (bottom-up) while fMRI reflects both, bottom-up and top-down regulation. Activity reduction of DLPFC through FFA bottom-up connectivity in early processing (EEG-DCM) might inhibit later top-down emotion regulation through the DLPFC in MDD (fMRI-DCM).

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Cite This Study

Schrader et al. (2025) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69252ea8c0ce034ddc3569f5 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2025.120638

View Full Paper

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Unconscious elevated bottom-up processing in depression: Insights from dynamic causal modeling with EEG and fMRI

Key Points

Implication

Abstract

Discussion

Cite This Study

Unconscious elevated bottom-up processing in depression: Insights from dynamic causal modeling with EEG and fMRI

Key Points

Implication

Abstract

Discussion

Cite This Study

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