Strategies to improve the thermoelectric performance of iron silicide-based materials

Iron silicide (β-FeSi2) has attracted considerable interest as a sustainable thermoelectric material due to its abundance, non-toxicity, and environmental compatibility. Their conduction flexibility allows a wide range of dopants to tune transport behavior, creating opportunities for improved performance. However, dopant solubility limits and the formation of secondary phases remain key challenges. In this article, we highlight recent advances in strategies to enhance the thermoelectric performance of β-FeSi2-based materials and discuss the interplay between phase evolution, electrical, and thermal transport. We also outline prospects that may unlock further improvements, offering pathways toward higher thermoelectric efficiency in this material system.Impact StatementThis review covers the observation of structural transition and strategies to enhance electrical and thermoelectric properties of metal-doped iron silicides, providing insights for future research to improve material performance.