From Biocontrol to Synthesis: Innovative Progress of Paenibacillus in Mechanism Analysis, Gene Editing and Platform Construction

Paenibacillus, a plant-growth-promoting rhizobacterium, exhibits broad-spectrum biocontrol activity through the production of diverse antibacterial metabolites, competitive niche colonization, induction of systemic resistance, and enhancement of nutrient uptake. The review summarizes recent advances in elucidating the synergistic interactions among its biocontrol mechanisms and their responses to environmental factors. Subsequently, it outlines gene editing and regulatory technologies applicable to Paenibacillus. Next, key synthetic biology strategies employed to enhance biosynthetic capabilities are examined. Finally, future prospects and challenges associated with advancing Paenibacillus toward precision engineering and high-efficiency applications are discussed. Notably, its role in industrial biotechnology—particularly in the scalable production of industrial enzymes and high-value chemicals—is increasingly recognized as a focal point of growing scientific and commercial interest.