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November 10, 2025JAMA Pediatrics

A Whole-Population Study of National Trends in Child Abuse and Neglect by Sex, Race, and Ethnicity in the US

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Authors

RLRichard T. LiuRLRachel Y. LevinMTMargarid R. Turnamian

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Overview

A population study shows declining child abuse cases and unchanged referrals in the US, indicating ongoing racial disparities.

Key Points

  • To determine changes in child maltreatment incidence by sex, race, and ethnicity in the US from 2012 to 2023.
  • Serial, population-based, cross-sectional study
  • Analyzed all Child Protective Services cases in the US
  • Population estimates from the US Census Bureau
  • Over 7 million confirmed cases of maltreatment identified from 2012 to 2023
  • Overall confirmed cases of maltreatment declined, but referrals remained unchanged
  • Disparities in maltreatment incidence persisted, particularly among racial groups

Cite This Study

Liu et al. (2025) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69253a29c0ce034ddc3575dbhttps://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2025.4487
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Also Consider

Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context:

  1. 1Race and Ethnic Differences in Early Childhood Maltreatment in the United States2014 · 90 citations
  2. 2Trends in the Annual Incidence Rates of Child Sexual Abuse and Child Maltreatment over the Past 25 Years in the United States2024 · 4 citations
  3. 3First Substantiated Child Maltreatment Among United States Children Aged 0–3: Reports by Medical Professionals2026
  4. 4Racial Disparity and Disproportionality Among Emergency Department Visits for Child Maltreatment2026
  5. 5Child Welfare System Involvement in the United States: 2016–20232026 · 1 citations