Analyzing and Optimizing the Cargo Gathering Network Structure of the Chengyu China-Europe Railway Express

As a crucial component of the Belt and Road Initiative, the China-Europe Railway Express (Chengyu Express) plays a vital role in enhancing Eurasian trade connectivity. This study employs complex network theory, entropy weighting method, and social network analysis to model and analyze the regional freight network structure within the Cheng-Yu economic circle. Using data from 12 cities including Chengdu, Chongqing, and surrounding regions, the research evaluates logistics industry development levels and identifies spatial connection patterns through gravity modeling. Findings reveal that core cities (Chengdu and Chongqing) dominate the network with strong logistics connections, while secondary cities exhibit varying development levels. The study identifies five key cargo consolidation nodes—Chengdu, Chongqing, Suining, Deyang. The research contributes to transportation network optimization theory and provides practical solutions for enhancing the operational efficiency of China-Europe freight services, supporting regional economic integration and logistics competitiveness.