19 Impacts of Spaceflight induced Mineral Dysregulation on Bone Health and identification potential biomarkers of bone health impairment in spaceflight crew

Background Bone health is critically affected by mineral homeostasis, which is significantly disrupted during spaceflight due to effect of microgravity. Deficiencies in essential minerals such as calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) , Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn) accelerate bone resorption, impair bone formation and weaken structural integrity. This study explores the molecular mechanisms linking mineral dysregulation to bone health deterioration in astronauts. Objective The aim of this study is to analyze the transcriptomic changes associated with mineral ion metabolism and bone turnover in crew members during spaceflight and identify potential markers of bone health impairment in astronauts. Methods Transcriptomic data of crew members from NASA ISS mission and JAXA were analyzed for changes in mineral metabolism and bone health markers. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis was done to identify biological processes, cellular components, and molecular functions impacted by mineral dysregulation. KEGG pathway analysis to evaluate alterations in mineral ion transporter genes. Principal component analysis (PCA) was also conducted. Results Transcriptomic analysis revealed significant disruptions in mineral metabolism, including deficiencies in Ca,Mg,Cu and Zn. GO analysis identified downregulation of processes critical for bone health, such as collagen synthesis and osteoblast activity. KEGG analysis showed upregulation of mineral ion transporters. Principal component analysis reveals significant associations with deficiencies in critical cations Ca,Mg ,Cu and Zn. Conclusion Spaceflight induced mineral dysregulation significantly compromises bone health, increasing the risk of bone density loss. These findings highlight the necessity of countermeasures such as precision nutrition and pharmacological interventions to mitigate bone loss and improve skeletal integrity during long duration space missions. Keywords Mineral dysregulation, Bone Heath, Space flight, Bone Health, Astronaut