Solar Radio Wide‐Band Spectroscopy and Imaging Facilities of the Chinese Meridian Project Phase II

Solar eruptions, including flares and coronal mass ejections, are the most energetic phenomena in the solar system. These explosive events accelerate high‐energy particles and generate electromagnetic radiation from radio to gamma‐ray wavelengths, producing heliospheric disturbances and acting as primary drivers of space weather hazards. Wide‐band solar radio observations, spanning decameter to centimeter wavelengths, constitute a key component of the Chinese Meridian Project (CMP) for tracking and monitoring solar eruptions from the Sun's atmosphere into interplanetary space. The technique of solar radio imaging spectroscopy is still challenging and new. The Mingantu Spectral Radioheliograph (MUSER) with three arrays at low (30–400 MHz), intermediate (400 MHz–2 GHz), and high (2–15 GHz) frequency bands images the solar atmosphere in 3D from the top‐chromosphere up into the mid‐corona. The solar radio spectrometers include a Metric Wavelength Solar Radio Spectrometer (90–600 MHz) at Chashan in Shandong province, together with the three Decameter‐Metric to Centimetric Wavelength Solar Radio Spectrometers at the MUSER site, offering spectrum monitoring ability across a super wide band from 30 MHz up to 15 GHz. The overall design, some technical details, calibration method, and performance with some preliminary data of these facilities are described.