Uterine rupture in pregnancy over 5 years: A retrospective descriptive study

Background: Uterine rupture is a rare but serious complication in obstetrics, associated with maternal and fetal risks. This study evaluates its prevalence and outcomes in a Portuguese hospital. Objectives: To assess the prevalence of uterine rupture in pregnancy, as well as the associated maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality, in a hospital setting in Portugal. Design: A retrospective descriptive study was conducted. Methods: Retrospective review of complete uterine rupture cases (2019–2024) at the Local Health Unit of Tâmega e Sousa. Data included maternal characteristics, obstetric history and outcomes. Results: Among 10,447 deliveries, 13 cases of uterine rupture occurred (12.44/10,000), primarily in women with prior caesarean sections (84.6%). Abnormal cardiotocography (76.9%) and abdominal pain (23.1%) were common signs. Fetal extrusion occurred in 69.2%. No maternal deaths were recorded, but perinatal mortality was 7.7%. Post-partum haemorrhage affected 61.5%, with five transfusions required. Conclusion: The prevalence of uterine rupture aligns with rates in developed countries. Caution is advised when using oxytocin in women with prior caesareans. Prompt detection and intervention are crucial to minimize complications.