Analyzing SEU Rate in LEO Satellites During the Space Weather Event of May 2024

From 10 to 12 May 2024, Earth experienced the most intense geomagnetic storm in two decades. Using observational data from the Fengyun‐3E satellite (FY‐3E) and the empirical formula for single event upset (SEU), we investigate the proton flux distribution in both the South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA) and high‐latitude regions, as well as the associated changes in the SEU rate during the magnetic storm. Our findings indicate that within the SAA, the 10–100 MeV proton flux in the L = 1.8–2.2 significantly weakened. At the same time, the proton regions in the 10–100 MeV range (flux >10 cm −2 sr −1 s −1 ) experienced varying degrees of contraction. During geomagnetic disturbance periods in the northern polar region, the minimum cutoff latitudes calculated for 18, 33, 70, and 200 MeV are 44.4°, 43.6°, 43.1°, and 41.9°, respectively. Analysis of the SEU rate revealed a 15% reduction in the cumulative SEU rate during the geomagnetic storm, while the SEU impact range in SAA decreased by 4.5% compared to pre‐storm levels. The decline is primarily due to the contraction of proton fluxes in the L = 1.8–2.2 in the southern part of the SAA. The high‐latitude SPE injection led to an increase of 732 SEU regions on May 11, maintaining a high‐risk status for five days. Furthermore, the AP8max model significantly underestimated proton fluxes in the 26–300 MeV energy range, particularly in the SAA core region, with a predicted cumulative SEU rate 85% lower than the pre‐storm rate and 82% lower than the post‐storm rate.