Bronchoscopic and surgical interventions in tracheobronchial diseases: A retrospective cohort study of 47 cases

Background: This study aims to evaluate the clinical characteristics, interventions performed, and follow-up outcomes of patients undergoing bronchoscopy or surgical intervention for tracheobronchial diseases. Methods: A total of 47 patients (28 males, 19 females; mean age: 49±19 years; range, 4 to 78 years) who underwent bronchoscopy or surgical interventions for tracheobronchial diseases between 2018 and 2023 were included in the retrospective study. Patients who underwent stent placement, tracheal resection, or bronchoscopic interventions due to tracheobronchial disease were included in the study. Results: The most common presenting symptom was dyspnea, with 76.6%. The most frequent lesion location was the trachea (74.5%). Malignant etiologies were found in 29.8% of the patients, while benign causes were observed in 70.2%. Stent placement was performed in 57.4% of patients. The mean follow-up period was 13.51±1.65 months, and five (10.6%) patients died during follow-up. A significant correlation was found between stent placement and longer survival (p<0.05). The survival time was positively correlated with the diagnosis, need for stent placement, and control bronchoscopy. Conclusion: Bronchoscopy and surgical interventions for tracheobronchial diseases are effective and safe treatment options. Stent placement, particularly in malignant or severe benign airway obstructions, significantly improves survival. Regular follow-up and early intervention are crucial for improving patient prognosis.