Metabolic deficits and immune dysfunction in aging people living with HIV

Cellular metabolism is crucial for energy production, which regulates cell function and survival. In recent years, the importance of metabolism in modulating immune cell proliferation, differentiation, and function has become a prominent area of research. However, little is still known about the metabolic regulation of B cell function and humoral immunity, both in healthy individuals as well as in those with various conditions and diseases. In this viewpoint, we will discuss the current understanding of immunometabolic regulation of humoral responses in aging people living with HIV, and in people without HIV. We propose the possibility to target metabolic molecules and pathways to prevent the negative effects of aging and HIV and progress towards an overall better immune system, not only in individuals with HIV but also in those living with other inflammatory conditions and diseases.