RANS simulations reveal wind farms' array efficiency varies in stratified flow over flat terrain and hills, indicating terrain's significant role.
RANS simulations of wind farms located on a two-dimensional hill and in flat terrain reveal that the hill can substantially influence wake and blockage effects. Further, the terrain has a pronounced influence on calculated array efficiency, an effect that is ignored in engineering models.
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Bleeg James (2025) studied this question.
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