Energy cooperation between Germany and Latin American countries. In the con-text of the implementation of the "complementarity" concept

Energy relations between Germany and Latin America in the 2020s are witnessing new developments amidst the prolonged energy crisis in the EU and the multifaceted improvement of the energy industry in Latin America. This study aims to identify the challenges hindering this development. The theoretical basis of this research is formed by the "complementarity" concept and the paradigm of resource nationalism in international political economy. The key finding of this research is the identification of several major factors that hinder rapid development in the energy agenda regarding the relations between Germany and Latin American countries: lack of coherence in energy policy, the interventionist policy of the United States aimed at fragmentation of the region, the value-ideological ideas of the ruling elite of Germany, promoting a radical model of energy transition, without taking into account the historical experience and specifics of energy development in Latin America. The significant outcome of the research is the enhancement of empirical basis for the "complementarity" concept in international energy relations which involve Germany.