Genetic evaluation of holstein cattle makes use of microsatellite DNA markers

The results of a research of polymorphism of 12 micro-satellite loci in Holstein cattle from an ordinal number of regions of Russia and external countries were presented. The average number of alleles per locus was 5.43 ± 0.19, with variation in the range of 4–13 alleles, the average number of effective alleles was 3.26 ± 0.11. A list of 29 most frequent alleles has been fixed. 22 private alleles were identified, and the frequency of private alleles was 0.004–0.033. It has been demonstrated that the amount of locally alleles in domestic herds is higher than in animals of external selection. The mean level of observed heterozygosity for all loci hold at 0.681 ± 0.017 and varied in the range of 0.65–0.78 for a fixation index of –0.131 ± 0.005. Genetic length between herds of domestic selection were < 0.074. It was revealed that groups of cow herds come down into two clusters. The first cluster included animals from three areas of Russia, associated with bulls from Germany and the Netherlands, and the second cluster included individuals from other two provinces closest to the males of Canada, the USA and GB. At once, the oxen of Denmark and Finland founds themselves in a separate cluster. The basis of this work was to evaluate the allele reservoir of Holstein cattle of domestic selection and determine the genetic profile of the breed by STR markers.