The Role of Sirtuins in Cellular Senescence and the Development of Age-Associated Diseases

The increasing proportion of the older age group population is an Irreversible global trend. There is an increasing number of studies that support the hypotheses that age-associated diseases and geriatric conditions share a common set of basic biological mechanisms. Numerous endogenous molecules counteract cellular senescence mechanisms. Several anti-aging molecules have been identified to date and their role has been evaluated in the pathophysiology of various diseases. NAD-dependent protein deacetylases and ADP-ribosyl transferases from the sirtuin family are considered as potential factors affecting cellular senescence processes. Sirtuins are involved in antioxidant and oxidative stress responses, regulation of mitochondrial function, DNA damage repair, and metabolism. Sirtuins and associated signaling pathways of the cellular senescence regulatory network have a significant impact on the development of age-associated diseases. Review presents the results of a comprehensive analysis of the results of fundamental and clinical studies in order to actualize the role of sirtuins in cellular senescence and the development of age-associated diseases. Data on the mechanisms of cellular senescence, the function of sirtuins (SIRT1-7), their interaction with key regulators of cellular senescence signaling pathways, and the association of polymorphic variants of sirtuin genes with multifactorial diseases and longevity are presented.