Artificial Mains Network for Low Frequency Conducted Emission Measurement in PV Inverters

With the recent rise in carbon neutrality policies, interest in renewable energy systems has surged, and the use of power electronic devices in these systems has led to the emergence of supraharmonic emission issues within the 2–150 kHz low‐frequency range. Current standards define the frequency range of the artificial mains network (AMN) starting at a minimum of 9 kHz, leaving a gap in the standards for measuring supraharmonics in the 2–9 kHz range. This paper addresses the measurement challenges associated with supraharmonics caused by the expansion of renewable energy systems and proposes an AMN with enhanced low‐frequency parameters. Specifically, we present an AMN optimised for input impedance, insertion loss (IL), isolation factor (IF), and voltage division factor (VDF) within the 2–9 kHz range. The optimisation of each stage was carried out using the particle two‐swarm optimisation (P2SO) algorithm, culminating in the adoption of a 4–stage AMN. The optimised 4–stage AMN was implemented, and its performance was measured, with results aligning with the optimisation predictions. Conducted emission (CE) measurement was performed on a grid‐tied PV inverter, revealing higher noise levels in the 2–9 kHz range compared with the present standard AMN.