Interface Design of Liquid-Based Membranes for Multiphase Separations

Superwettable materials have transformed separation processes by manipulating multiphase interface interactions at the micronano scale. Liquid-based membranes (LBMs) are created by designing the micro/nanostructure and chemical composition of a porous solid matrix, then infusing it with a compatible functional liquid. Unlike traditional membranes relying on static surfaces or size exclusion, LBMs utilize dynamic liquid interfaces for precise, selective, and energy-efficient separations. This perspective discusses the design principles of LBMs, focusing on interfacial interactions, stimuli-responsive functions, and the compatibility between solid matrices and functional liquids. LBMs are promising for liquid, gas, and solid separations, but challenges in long-term stability, scalability, and environmental compatibility remain. These materials hold significant potential for sustainable, high-performance separation technologies addressing industrial and environmental challenges.