Effect of gluteal activation and core stability exercises on upper extremity kinematics and throwing performance in cricketers

Background: Throwing performance in cricket depends on the efficient integration of the kinetic chain, particularly the contribution of the lower body and core to upper extremity movements. This study aimed to compare the effects of gluteal activation exercises and core stability training on upper extremity kinematics and throwing performance in university-level male cricketers. Materials and Methods: Sixty injury-free male cricketers were randomly divided into control, core stability, and gluteal activation groups ( n = 20 each). The intervention lasted 4 weeks. Surface electromyography (EMG) measured gluteus maximus and medius activity, while hip extensor power was assessed with an isokinetic dynamometer. Shoulder and elbow range of motion were evaluated through motion analysis. Throwing speed and distance were measured using a radar gun and measuring tape. Data were analyzed in SPSS (v 21) with significance set at P < 0.05. Results: Both experimental groups demonstrated statistically significant improvements in muscle activity and performance measures. Gluteus maximus activity increased significantly (P < 0.001), and gluteus medius activity improved moderately (P < 0.05). Throwing speed increased by 12.3% in the gluteal activation group and 10.7% in the core stability group. Throwing distance improved by 14.1% in the gluteal activation group and 11.9% in the core stability group. Kinematic enhancements in shoulder extension, abduction, and elbow flexion were also observed in both experimental groups. Conclusion: Gluteal activation and core stability exercises effectively improve upper limb kinematics and throwing performance in cricketers. Integrating these methods into athletic conditioning programs may help enhance performance and reduce the risk of injury.