Thermal energy storage and dynamic thermal management of 5G base stations based on graphene composite phase change materials

This paper investigates the performance of composite PCM with varying graphene contents in 5G base station heat dissipation. Experiments and simulations demonstrate that 5.5% graphene forms 10-20 ?m agglomerates (SEM confirmed), disrupting thermal networks. The 2.5% creates uniform 3-D paths, boosting conductivity to 2.3 W/mK without reducing latent heat, explaining superior cooling. In terms of temperature uniformity, the maximum temperature difference of the base station measured in the experiment is 11.1?, and the simulation is 10.5?, both of which are better than the 18.3? of pure paraffin. In the dynamic load cycle experiment, the temperature overshoot and recovery time of the experiment and simulation are close when the load changes suddenly, reflecting the good dynamic adjustment ability of the AHFAA algorithm.