Case series demonstrates importance of complete tumor resection and oophorectomy in intravenous leiomyomatosis, indicating high recurrence rates.
Intravenous leiomyomatosis (IVL) with inferior vena cava or intracardiac extension is complex and requires multidisciplinary management.Computed Tomography venography effectively delineates intravascular lesions, and intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography provides real-time monitoring. Complete tumor resection and oophorectomy are critical for preventing recurrence, but even with these, there is still a high rate of recurrence, and most of the recurrence requires another surgery.
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Gu et al. (2025) studied this question.
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