Vegetation C: N: P stoichiometry and ecosystem carbon storage under different grazing patterns on the Tibetan Plateau

Introduction Grazing is a significant driver of grassland ecosystems changes, but the relationship between plant functional groups’ carbon (C): nitrogen (N): phosphorus (P) stoichiometry ratios and ecosystem C storage under different grazing management patterns remains uncertain. Methods This study investigated alpine meadows on the northeastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau, comparing four grazing patterns: banned grazing (BG), growing season rest-grazing (RG), traditional rest-grazing (TG), and continuous grazing (CG). We assessed the effects of these grazing patterns on plant functional group nutrient, C: N: P stoichiometry, and ecosystem C storage. The results provided valuable insights to support sustainable management strategies in alpine meadow ecosystems. Results and discussion The results indicated that BG and RG enhanced nutrient enrichment, vegetation, soil, and ecosystem C storage. BG, RG, and TG increased aboveground C: N ratios but decreased C: P and N: P ratios. Grazing patterns indirectly influence ecosystem C storage by regulating plant stoichiometry and biomass allocation among functional groups. AGB of grasses is significantly positively correlated with ecosystem C storage ( R ² = 0.96), serving as the key driver of changes in C storage. In conclusion, maintaining biomass balance among functional groups and the C: N: P stoichiometry of plants is vital for preserving ecosystem C storage under grazing disturbances. It is essential that future management strategies incorporate these aspects to effectively protect and enhance C sequestration in alpine meadows.