Three-Dimensional Model of Convection in a Really Heterogeneous Mantle as a Basis for Quantitative Generalization of Plate Tectonics for the Present Stage of Earth Development

Using the Stokes equation and non-Newtonian rheology, instantaneous velocities of three-dimensional flows in the Earth's mantle are calculated based on the global seismic tomography model SMEAN 2. The model automatically takes into account the main forces acting in the mantle and on the Earth's surface. The constructed 3D model of mantle flows describes well the horizontal movements of the Earth's surface, which are observed using space geodesy and provides a quantitative basis for interpreting the features of regional geological processes. The constructed spherical 3D model of modern global geodynamics is a quantitative generalization of the theory of plate tectonics for the current stage of the Earth's development.