December 4, 2025CephalalgiaOpen Access

Management of persistent idiopathic facial pain (PIFP) – An international Delphi study

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Discussion

Delphi study establishes treatment recommendations, emphasizing multidisciplinary collaboration and patient education for PIFP.

Consensus achieved in 83% of statements across a panel of 16 pain experts, focusing on non-invasive management.
Key recommendations include pharmacological treatments like tricyclic antidepressants and avoidance of opioids.
Observational Delphi study involved qualitative analysis leading to quantitative questionnaire development for expert consensus.
Guidelines highlight the importance of improving quality of life through patient-centered strategies and behavioral therapies.

Lindfors et al. (2025) studied this question.

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