Citrus Tristeza Virus: From Devastating Epidemics to Effective Management in Citrus-Producing Regions Around the World

Over the past century, citrus tristeza virus (CTV) has inflicted serious losses to the global citrus industry, primarily through the two most destructive diseases in citrus hosts: decline (tristeza) and stem pitting. Due to its widespread distribution, CTV has attracted significant attention from researchers worldwide. As the result of collective efforts, the industry has managed to mitigate the impact of CTV and avoid catastrophic outcomes. However, the virus remains a continually evolving threat, with new variants emerging and spreading into new areas. In light of the history of severe CTV outbreaks and an ongoing risk the virus poses to global citriculture, we assembled a team of leading CTV experts from major citrus-producing regions to prepare this Feature Article. The article provides an overview of the current global status of CTV, discussing its spread and impact, and outlines the management strategies employed around the world to protect citrus production and ensure its long-term sustainability.