Identification of Superior Barely Genotypes Under Salt Stress Condition Using AMMI, GGE‐Biplot, and Stability Parameters

In order to assess the genotype by environment interaction (GEI) and promising clonal selection, a field survey was conducted on 18 barley genotypes during the 2021–2023 growing seasons. To identify barley genotypes in response to salt stress, GGE biplot, AMMI model, and stability parameters were used under two treatments (salt and normal condition) and three locations (Esfahan, Yazd, and Birjand). An experiment was carried out in 12 diverse environments (combining 2 treatments, 3 locations, and 2 years), utilizing a randomized complete block design with three replicates at the Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Institute. The promising genotypes: G3, G7, G8, G10, G12, and G13 showed higher stability than other genotypes under salt stress condition. In our research, the AMMI and GGE biplot analyses indicated that the G7 and G12 genotypes were more effective in distinguishing superior genotypes compared to other genotypes. According to our findings, environments were divided into two meaningful mega‐environments for grain yield. The AMMI’s analysis of variance indicated that the total sum of squares (SS) for grain yield was explained by the effects of genotype (6.2%), and the total SS was attributed to environmental effects (78.40%) and G × E (7.4%). In this study, the environmental component explained the largest proportion of variation (78.40%). The best genotypes recommended for release are based on their high stability for the target environment or parallel environments. According to stability parameters, genotypes G4, G7, G8, G12, and G13 had high yield performance in the tested environments, making them promising candidates for cultivation in saline soils and for breeding programs aimed at improving salt tolerance. The most suitable, broadly adaptable barley genotypes (ideal) were then selected for release.