Entwined Destinies: Unveiling the Mediating Role of Socio-Cultural and Economic Factors in Amplifying the Boosting Effect of Spousal Support on Women Entrepreneurs’ Success in Tamil Nadu

Women’s economic empowerment is often touted as a key driver of global development, but what role do their spouses play in this equation remains understudied? This study fills this gap by investigating the relationship between spousal support and enterprise achievement of 450 women entrepreneurs in Tamil Nadu, India a region notable for its traditional gender dynamics. Using a quantitative approach, we analyzed four types of spousal support—financial, emotional, household and hands-on, and constructive business interference—utilizing Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). Results indicate that spousal support, both financial and emotional, is fundamental to the success of women entrepreneurs. Constructive involvement from husbands can further enhance entrepreneurial outcomes, underscoring the importance of a supportive partnership. Conversely, household and hands-on assistance, while valuable, do not significantly impact success, suggesting that emotional and financial backings are more critical. Socio-cultural factors also play a significant role, highlighting the need to address societal norms that may hinder women’s entrepreneurial pursuits. The findings support policies that encourage spousal engagement in women’s economic activities, aligning with Sustainable Development Goals related to gender equality and decent work. Policies and interventions aimed at engaging spouses in women’s economic activities, while addressing cultural norms that influence gender roles, are essential for promoting women’s empowerment, economic participation, and overall development. Encouraging supportive partnerships can thus serve as a vital strategy for advancing gender equality and sustainable economic growth.