Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics: making clinical sense of sex differences in psychopharmacology

In psychopharmacology, sex differences in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics are progressively discovered. Nevertheless, a significant knowledge gap still exists, resulting in an unclear clinical value of sex differences and perhaps suboptimal use of psychotropic drugs in the context of precision medicine. This review puts into context this knowledge gap and proposes how it can be addressed. Optimization of existing treatments and drug development can benefit by a better appreciation of potential sex differences in psychopharmacology.