Application of Artificial Intelligence in Multidisciplinary Decision-Making for Head and Neck Cancer

Given the complex nature of head and neck cancers, multidisciplinary team (MDT) management has become increasingly important in contemporary oncologic care. However, MDT implementation often faces practical limitations due to time constraints, limited resources, and coordination challenges among specialists. To address these issues, there is a growing need for innovative decision-support tools. Recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI), particularly large language models (LLMs), have introduced new opportunities to enhance clinical decision-making. This review explores the current applications of AI technologies in oncologic treatment decision processes, with a focus on their potential integration into MDT-based decision-making for head and neck cancer. Furthermore, we introduce recent studies applying multi-agent LLM frameworks to MDT systems and discuss key challenges that must be addressed for successful clinical adoption. Ultimately, this review envisions an AI-augmented MDT model that enhances decision-making efficiency and objectivity, while enabling clinicians to focus more deeply on their core role—delivering optimal patient-centered cancer care.