Association between triglyceride glucose-body mass index and asthma among US participants with type 2 diabetes: An observational study

This study explores the association between triglyceride glucose-body mass index (TyG-BMI) and asthma in US individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005 to 2016. The participants included 3236 adults aged >20 years with type 2 diabetes. The primary outcome measure was the association between TyG-BMI and asthma prevalence, and the secondary outcome measure was the threshold effect analysis and subgroup analyses. A significant nonlinear relationship between TyG-BMI and asthma risk was found (nonlinearity P = .016). When TyG-BMI exceeded 208.96, each 10-unit increase was linked to a 5.4% higher asthma risk (OR = 1.054, 95% CI 1.034–1.074, P < .001). Subgroup analyses showed this relationship was consistent across different age groups, genders, races, and family asthma histories, especially in individuals aged 65 and older with T2D. In US individuals with T2D, there is a significant nonlinear association between TyG-BMI and asthma risk. TyG-BMI can be an important indicator for assessing asthma risk in this group, and metabolic control is crucial for asthma prevention and management.