Endoscopic Management of an Inflammatory Lesion Suspected of Being a Brown Tumor of the Frontal Process of the Maxilla—Case Report

The study reports a diagnostic challenge involving an inflammatory lesion mimicking a brown tumor. A 23-year-old male patient was referred for treatment of a cystic lesion in the left frontal process of the maxilla and ethmoid region. The leading symptoms were hemoptysis and chronic sinus inflammation. Endoscopic surgery was performed under general anesthesia, including curettage and drainage of the lesion into the middle nasal meatus. Histopathological examination revealed chronic inflammatory and fibrotic changes with hemosiderin deposits and CD68(+) histiocytes, findings that could suggest a brown tumor. However, subsequent laboratory investigations excluded this diagnosis. Postoperative healing was uneventful, with complete resolution of symptoms. This report highlights the importance of distinguishing inflammatory from metabolic bone lesions in the paranasal sinuses and underscores the critical role of histopathological evaluation in differentiating true neoplasms from inflammatory pseudotumors.