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This is a In Vitro Study study.

December 4, 2025MicroorganismsOpen Access

Designing a Novel Multi-Epitope Trivalent Vaccine Against NDV, AIV and FAdV-4 Based on Immunoinformatics Approaches

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Analysis shows a novel vaccine enhances cytokine production in chickens, indicating broad protection against NDV, AIV, and FAdV-4 infections.

NFAF, a multi-epitope vaccine, effectively stimulates immune responses against NDV, AIV, and FAdV-4.
The vaccine candidates activate T-cells and increase pro-inflammatory cytokines, enhancing immunity against multiple pathogens.
Molecular docking studies reveal stable interactions between NFAF and Toll-like receptors, suggesting strong immune engagement.
This novel approach may provide effective protection in poultry, further research is needed to test vaccine efficacy in field conditions.

Ji et al. (2025) studied this question.

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Analysis shows a novel vaccine enhances cytokine production in chickens, indicating broad protection against NDV, AIV, and FAdV-4 infections.