Evaluating Low Temperature’s Impact on Lithium-Ion Batteries: Examination of Performance Metrics with Respect to Size and Chemistry

This study explores the effects of low temperatures on the performance of various lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), comparing different sizes and chemical compositions. Experiments were conducted in a sub-zero temperature environment, examining discharge behavior, internal resistance, and capacity retention. The findings reveal that smaller-sized batteries (18650, 21700) have a marked resilience to cold, outperforming larger 26650 cells, with smaller average capacity declines noted in both LiCoO2 and LiMn2O2 chemistries. The study also introduces a new adaptive filtering technique for better battery behaviour analysis at low temperatures, which avoids distortion of important electrochemical signals.