Ethanolic extract of Carissa edulis ameliorates dimethoate induced renal damage in male guinea pigs

Carissa edulis (CE), belongs to family Apocyanaceae, is used traditionally to treat many diseases such as headache, cough, rheumatism, epilepsy, syphilis and fever. Our objective aimed to study the ameliorative of Carissa edulis (CE) ethanolic extract against dimethoate (DM)-induced renal damage. Healthy adult male guinea pigs were randomly divided into five groups of five animals each. The first group was served as a control group and administered with vehicle orally; the group II administered with DM (14 mg/kg;1/25 LD50) orally. Animals of group III, IV and V were administered with 100 mg/kg of CE extract, 200 mg/kg of CE extract, and 100 mg/kg Liv-52 orally half hour before DM administration respectively. All the previous administrations were repeated daily for 21 days. At the end of experiment, animals were sacrificed and blood was collected from portal vein for biochemical tests. The kidney was removed for histology and lipid peroxidation (LPO)–antioxidant test. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA using SPSS. DM caused renal damage as evidenced by elevated urea, creatinine and glucose levels in Group II as compared with Group I. Administration of CE in Group III and group VI caused amelioration and reduction in the rise of blood urea, creatinine and glucose compared with group II. In addition, there was increased LPO and decreased in catalase and GST activities in DM group, while CE significantly reversed the changes toward normal values. Histological examination of DM group showed many pathohistological alterations such as cellular degeneration, vacuolization, hyaline casts, dilatation, necrosis, glomerular atrophy, and infiltration. The ethanolic extract of CE has ameliorative effects against DM-induced renal damage in guinea pigs.