Cholesterol pericarditis associated with rheumatoid arthritis: A case report and review of literature

Background: Cholesterol pericarditis is a rare disease characterized by the presence of chronic massive cholesterol pericardial effusion, with or without cholesterol crystals. The pathogenesis of cholesterol pericarditis remains unclear. Case presentation: A 64-year-old male presented with a one-year history of vomiting and chest tightness, along with a recurrent episode within the last 10 hours. He had a medical history of chronic pericardial effusion. Upon admission, he was diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis, and imaging revealed massive pericardial effusion. The analysis of the pericardial fluid demonstrated an abundance of cholesterol crystals. After undergoing pericardiocentesis drainage, the patient's symptoms improved, and he was subsequently discharged from hospital. Conclusion: Our case report aims to enhance the comprehension of cholesterol pericarditis in clinical practice by providing a comprehensive analysis of pericardial effusion characteristics and laboratory findings in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis. Further studies are required to investigate the etiology, pathogenesis, as well as early diagnosis and treatment strategies for cholesterol pericarditis.