Efficacy and safety of dual task training in enhancing cognitive and motor recovery for post-stroke rehabilitation

Stroke is a leading cause of disability and mortality worldwide, with survivors frequently experiencing motor and cognitive impairments that hinder their daily functioning and independence. Dual-task training (DTT), an innovative rehabilitation approach, targets simultaneous improvement in motor and cognitive functions by addressing cognitive-motor interference. This narrative review evaluates the efficacy and safety of DTT in post-stroke rehabilitation. PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and the Directory of Open Access Journals were searched, yielding 31 studies, including randomized controlled trials and observational studies. Articles were identified that evaluated the safety and efficacy of DTT for post-stroke rehabilitation in patients who had suffered from hemorrhagic or ischemic stroke. Before extracting variables, the studies were imported into Rayyan software, and thematic analysis was subsequently conducted using Microsoft Excel. The findings indicate that DTT enhances gait parameters, balance, and cognitive functions, particularly attention and executive function. Additionally, it improves functional outcomes, including activities of daily living (ADLs), and reduces fall risk. While DTT demonstrates promise in fostering neuroplasticity and improving recovery outcomes, questions regarding its long-term efficacy, optimal implementation, and safety warrant further investigation. This review highlights the potential of DTT as a promising approach in stroke rehabilitation, supporting more integrated recovery strategies.