Infrared Photodissociation Spectroscopic and Theoretical Study of Mass-Selected Heteronuclear Iron–Rhodium and Iron–Iridium Carbonyl Cluster Cations

Heterobimetallic iron–group 9 carbonyl cations, FeM(CO)n+ (M = Rh, Ir; n = 9–11), were generated in the gas phase via pulsed laser vaporization within a supersonic expansion and characterized by infrared photodissociation spectroscopy in the carbonyl stretching region. By combining experimental spectra with density functional theory simulations, the geometric and electronic structures of these clusters were unambiguously assigned. Mass spectrometry and photodissociation results identified FeM(CO)9+ as the saturated species for M = Rh and Ir, in contrast to the lighter cobalt analog FeCo(CO)8+. The FeM(CO)9+ cations adopt a C4v-symmetric singlet ground-state structure with all carbonyl ligands terminally bound, corresponding to a (OC)5Fe–M(CO)4 configuration. These complexes can be formally described as combination products of the stable neutral Fe(CO)5 and cationic M(CO)4+ fragments. Analyses based on canonical molecular orbitals, Mayer bond orders, and fragment-based correlation diagrams reveal the presence of a dative Fe→M interaction in FeM(CO)9+, which formally enables the heavier Rh/Ir metal center to attain an 18-electron configuration. However, this bond is weaker than a typical covalent single bond, as the key molecular orbitals involved possess antibonding character. This study provides important insights into the structure and bonding of heteronuclear transition metal carbonyl clusters, highlighting distinctive coordination behavior between late 3d and heavier 4d/5d congeners.