Inclusion of Refugee Communities in Zoonotic Disease Prevention and Control: A One Health Case Study in Uganda of Selected Conservation Areas

This case study explores the inclusion of refugee communities in zoonotic disease prevention through a One Health framework in Uganda, focusing on Nakivaale Refugee Settlement and villages around Murchison Falls-Kabwoya Wildlife Reserve. Using participatory action research, the study mobilized communities, conducted household mapping in 10 villages, and trained 22 Community One Health Volunteers (COHVs) in zoonotic disease identification, risk communication, and mobile data reporting. Over 6 months, community-led surveillance identified 15 potential zoonotic cases and improved public awareness of disease risks. Refugee communities actively engaged in health monitoring, bridging gaps between local populations and health authorities. COHVs, many of whom were refugees themselves, acted as vital links between their communities and government agencies. Findings underscore the feasibility and impact of community-led, inclusive surveillance models, particularly in fragile settings. The One Health approach enhanced disease detection, improved community trust, and provided a replicable model for integrating marginalized populations in zoonotic disease prevention. This case contributes important insights for health systems resilience, especially where refugee and host populations coexist in conservation landscapes.