Fuel‐Tanker Explosions: Characterization and Emission Factors for the Quantification of the Associated Air Emissions From Burnt Premium Motor Spirit and Liquefied Petroleum Gas in Nigeria

This study investigated the combustion characterization of Petroleum Motor Spirit (PMS) and Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) due to fuel tanker explosions in Nigeria using Aspen Plus software. The simulation characterized and determined the emission factors (EFs) of the associated emissions from explosions. The results showed that the associated air emissions are: NO 2 , NO, CO 2 , CO, SO 2 , H 2 O (g), sulfur particulates (S (s) ), and carbon particulate/soot (C (s) ). On average, for PMS at any tanker explosion, the EFs are: 0.00041 kg/kg (S (s) ), 9.19E–06 kg/kg (SO 2 ), 0.01930 (CO 2 ), 8.02E–11 kg/kg (C (s) ), 0.98111 kg/kg for H 2 O, to 8.02E–11 kg/kg for C (s) , 5.79E–11 kg/kg (NO 2 ), 2.06279 kg/kg (CO) 0.98111 kg/kg (H 2 O (g ) and 6.05E–05 kg/kg (NO). For LPG at any tanker explosion, the EFs are: 2.9183E–14 kg/kg for (C (s) ), 1.57505 kg/kg (H 2 O (g) ), 1.10006 kg/kg (CO 2 ), 3.6534E‐08 kg/kg (NO 2 ), 0.00212 kg/kg (NO), 1.22086 kg/kg (CO), and 3.6337E‐05 kg/kg (SO 2 ). EFs of the emission would be effective tools for the stakeholders and regulatory agencies of governments for proactive actions to quantify the arrest the negative impacts of emissions that are associated with PMS and LPG tanker explosions.