Patterns of parenteral nutrition use in the inpatient setting: A retrospective cohort study

Background Parenteral nutrition (PN) supports patients unable to absorb sufficient nutrients from their gastrointestinal tracts. Yet, information about the patterns and extent of PN's in‐hospital use is lacking. Data on this topic should provide comparison points for nutrition support teams and hospital administrators examining PN use in their institutions. Methods A retrospective cohort study using 9 years of routinely collected administrative data from a healthcare system with tertiary care and community hospitals explored the extent, patterns, and trends of PN use in hospitals and individual clinical departments. Results PN was administered to 2984 patients during 4121 admissions to the tertiary facility for 68,047 days and to 298 patients on 367 admissions to the community hospital for 4925 days. Both hospitals' general surgery, surgical intensive care unit, and other surgical services accounted for half the patients receiving PN. The tertiary care hospital's adult and pediatric oncology/hematology/bone marrow transplantation services, services not provided in the community hospital, accounted for 29% of the hospital's patients receiving PN. Fifty‐two percent of surgical patients accounted for 46% of PN‐days, whereas the 29% of patients from the hematology/oncology/bone marrow transplantation services utilized 39% of PN‐days, with longer durations of PN administration reflected in the latter group. Adult oncology admissions involving PN tripled (from 38 to 116 patients) between the first and last 3 years. Conclusion Different case mixes in the tertiary and community hospitals affected the extent and patterns of PN use. Dataset analysis provided an analytic framework for examining PN usage within and among hospitals.