The Effect of Sowing Date on the Biomass Production of Non-Traditional and Commonly Used Intercrops from the Brassicaceae Family

Catch crops play a vital role in agricultural systems by contributing to biomass production, nutrient retention, and carbon sequestration. Among these, species from the Brassicaceae family are particularly valuable due to their rapid biomass accumulation, biofumigant properties, and adaptability to diverse environmental conditions. This study presents the first systematic evaluation of biomass characteristics for six non-traditional Brassicaceae species under Central European conditions, alongside commonly cultivated representatives of the family. Field experiments were conducted in Eastern Bohemia from 2021 to 2023 to assess biomass production in nine Brassicaceae species. Four sowing dates were evaluated, with plant sampling determining aboveground and underground biomass. The results revealed significant species-specific differences in biomass accumulation. Sinapis alba and Raphanus sativus exhibited the highest biomass, while Brassica napus and Crambe abyssinica had the lowest. A positive correlation between aboveground and underground biomass was observed across species, though root-to-shoot ratios varied, influencing carbon allocation patterns and soil organic matter inputs. Overall, the results demonstrate that sowing date is a critical factor influencing growth dynamics and reproductive development in these underutilized Brassicaceae species. By identifying optimal planting windows, this study contributes to improved management strategies aimed at maximizing biomass production while supporting sustainable cropping practices, including enhanced soil organic carbon stabilization and reduced nutrient losses.