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This is a Meta-Analysis study (also classified as: Systematic Review).

December 6, 2025Behavioral SciencesOpen Access

Wastewater Analyses for Psychoactive Substances at Music Festivals: A Systematic Review

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Findings reveal MDMA as the most detected psychoactive substance at music festivals, indicating significant drug use behavior.
The review includes 23 studies on wastewater analyses, covering festivals with 6,200 to 600,000 attendees for a detailed evaluation.
Assessment relies on wastewater and urine sampling methodologies, with leading chemical analysis techniques in use.
Research underscores the need for enhancing public health surveillance and harm reduction strategies to address substance use concerns.

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Implication

Systematic review analyzes drug use and wastewater methods at music festivals, highlighting the prominence of MDMA and regional variations in substance use.

Cite This Study

Cainamisir et al. (2025) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69337cfbb3f947a0a125a67e https://doi.org/10.3390/bs15121672

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Implication

Systematic review analyzes drug use and wastewater methods at music festivals, highlighting the prominence of MDMA and regional variations in substance use.

Wastewater Analyses for Psychoactive Substances at Music Festivals: A Systematic Review

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Discussion

Implication

Cite This Study

Wastewater Analyses for Psychoactive Substances at Music Festivals: A Systematic Review

Key Points

Discussion

Implication

Cite This Study

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