Chemical constituents and their anti-inflammatory potential of Urceola polymorpha leaves

Urceola polymorpha is traditionally employed as both a food source and medicinal remedy in Vietnam and several other Southeast Asian countries. This study presents a comprehensive phytochemical investigation that resulted in the separation of a new compound, along with 14 additional compounds previously unreported in this species. Their structures were identified by the application of advanced spectroscopic techniques. In in vitro assays, isolated compounds significantly inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced NO, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α production, and iNOS expression levels in RAW264.7 cells, indicating potential anti-inflammatory activity. Among them, compounds 10 and 11 exhibited the most potential for inhibitory effects. In silico approaches suggested that active compounds may interact with proteins involved in inflammation. Our findings not only support the phytochemical profile of U. polymorpha but also utilise its ethnopharmacological applications, highlighting its promise as a candidate for the development of functional foods and therapeutic strategies targeting inflammation-related disorders.