Examination of Potential Facilitators and Barriers to the Introduction of Advance Care Planning Among Older Adults Living Alone in Japan: A Cross-Sectional Study

Purpose: Advance care planning (ACP) promotion in Japan is insufficient, particularly with consideration of incorporating an individual's cherished personal values. The current study examined actual awareness and intention toward ACP among older adults living alone (OALA) aiming to identify facilitators and barriers to ACP focusing on cherished personal values for this specific cohort. Method: A semi-structured questionnaire survey was conducted with 300 OALA in Japan to explore their cherished personal values and awareness of ACP. Potential factors influencing intentions regarding ACP among OALA were examined. Results: Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that holding multiple personal values was significantly associated with a positive intention toward ACP among OALA, regardless of the specific types of values identified. Conclusion: Recognizing multiple cherished personal values is crucial for successful ACP among OALA. A guiding tool supporting the identification of these values is needed to facilitate ACP among OALA.