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This research aims to analyze the effects of tax and subsidy policies on emissions in a blockchain context.

December 8, 2025SustainabilityOpen Access

Optimal Supply Chain Incentives to Reduce Emissions Under Blockchain Technology: Tax or Subsidy

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Model analyzes tax and subsidy impacts on environmental improvement in supply chains, indicating blockchain's role in incentive effectiveness.

This research aims to analyze the effects of tax and subsidy policies on emissions in a blockchain context.
Developed a government-manufacturer-consumer tripartite game model
Examined abatement effects of tax and subsidy policies
Considered heterogeneous consumer demand under blockchain
Both tax and subsidy policies facilitate environmental improvement
Tax policy outperforms subsidy when green preference exceeds a threshold
Different impacts on profits for conventional and green manufacturers due to blockchain

Wang et al. (2025) studied this question.

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Model analyzes tax and subsidy impacts on environmental improvement in supply chains, indicating blockchain's role in incentive effectiveness.